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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(5): 613-620, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897008

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) co-infection has been a research topic of interest worldwide. In Brazil, it has been observed that there is a relative underreporting and failure in the understanding and management of this important association. The aim of this study was to analyze epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with VL with and without HIV/AIDS. METHODS: We conducted an observational and analytical study of patients with VL followed in a Reference Service in the State of Maranhão, Brazil from 2007-2013. RESULTS: In total 126 patients were enrolled, of which 61 (48.4%) were co-infected with HIV/AIDS. There were more males among those with HIV/AIDS (85.2%, P>0.05) or with VL only (81.5%, P>0.05). These findings significantly differed based on age group (P<0.003); the majority of patients were aged 31-40 years (41.0%) and 21-30 years (32.3%) among those with and without HIV/AIDS co-infection, respectively. The incidence of diarrhea and splenomegaly significantly differed between the two groups (P=0.0014 and P=0.019, respectively). The myelogram parasitic examination was used most frequently among those with HIV/AIDS (91.8%), followed by those with VL only (69.2%). VL recurrences and mortality were significantly higher in the HIV/AIDS co-infected patients (P<0.0001 and P=0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with VL with or without HIV/AIDS co-infection were mostly adult men. Diarrhea was more frequent in HIV/AIDS co-infected patients, whereas splenomegaly was more common in patients with VL only. In the group of HIV/AIDS co-infected patients, there was a higher rate of VL recurrence and mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Coinfection/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Splenomegaly/etiology , Splenomegaly/epidemiology , Blood Cell Count , Brazil/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/physiopathology , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Viral Load , Diarrhea/etiology , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Coinfection/physiopathology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/complications , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/physiopathology , Middle Aged
2.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 56(2): 111-116, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780942

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Climacteric women are susceptible to a number of changes, among them osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and susceptibility to fracture. Currently, this disease is a public health issue, being necessary to recognize its risk factors. Objectives: Identify risk factors related to osteoporosis in women attending Propis/Proex/UFMA, tracing a socio-demographic characterization and considering community lifestyles. Material and methods: This is a transversal retrospective clinical with a quantitative approach study conducted between March and June 2013 in São Luís (MA) with 107 women treated at the Programa de Práticas de Integralidade em Saúde (Propis - Integrality Health Practice Program). The study was approved by the University Hospital Ethics Committee of UFMA under opinion no. 362/07. Data were tabulated and analyzed in the epidemiological Epi-Info® software, version 3.4.1. Results: The brown color was predominant, consensual relationships proved to be a protective factor and low education was a risk factor. The average age of the group with menopause was 54.1 years and without menopause was 31.3 years (p < 0.0001). The average age of menopause was 43.7 years. The irregular menstrual cycle was a protective factor. The average number of pregnancies was 4.56 for the group with menopause and 2.45 for the group without menopause, with most births occurring normally (p < 0.0001). Smoking, physical inactivity and caffeine intake were risk factors, while the absence of alcoholism and of soda intake were protective factors for the disease. Conclusion: The patients followed the socioeconomic and demographic profile of Maranhão. Most had menarche and menopause in appropriate periods, showed no positive family history of osteoporosis, did not usually drink alcohol, were sedentary and the caffeine intake was high.


RESUMO Introdução: As mulheres no climatério estão suscetíveis a uma série de mudanças, entre elas a osteoporose. A osteoporose é uma doença caracterizada por uma baixa massa óssea e susceptibilidade à fratura. Atualmente, essa doença é um problema de saúde pública e é necessário reconhecer seus fatores de risco. Objetivos: Identificar os fatores de risco relacionados com a osteoporose em mulheres atendidas pelo Programa de Práticas de Integralidade em Saúde (Propis)/Proex/UFMA, traçar uma caracterização sociodemográfica e considerar o estilo de vida da comunidade. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo clínico com uma abordagem quantitativa, feito entre março e junho de 2013, em São Luís (MA), com 107 mulheres atendidas pelo Programa de Práticas de Integralidade em Saúde (Propis). O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Universitário da UFMA, sob parecer nº 362/07. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados com o software epidemiológico Epi-Info®, versão 3.4.1. Resultados: A etnia parda foi predominante, a união estável mostrou ser um fator protetor e a baixa escolaridade foi um fator de risco. A idade média do grupo com menopausa foi de 54,1 anos e a do sem menopausa de 31,3 anos (p < 0,0001). A idade média da menopausa foi de 43,7 anos. O ciclo menstrual irregular foi um fator protetor. O número médio de gestações foi de 4,56 para o grupo com menopausa e 2,45 para o grupo sem menopausa, com a maior parte dos partos normal (p < 0,0001). O tabagismo, a inatividade física e o consumo de cafeína foram fatores de risco, enquanto a ausência de alcoolismo e de ingestão de refrigerante foram fatores de proteção para a doença. Conclusão: Os pacientes seguiram o perfil socioeconômico e demográfico do Maranhão. A maior parte teve a menarca e a menopausa em períodos apropriados, não apresentava antecedentes familiares de osteoporose, não costumava ingerir bebida alcoólica, era sedentária e consumia uma elevada quantidade de cafeína.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Osteoporosis/epidemiology , Menopause , Health Behavior , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Parity , Primary Health Care , Bone Density , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Middle Aged
5.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 36(5): 373-378, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-725671

ABSTRACT

Background: Gaucher disease is an inborn, autosomal recessive error of the metabolism which belongs to the group of lysosomal storage disorders. Objective: This work reports on the treatment of Gaucher disease in several members of the same family from the countryside of Maranhão. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective and prospective, descriptive case study about the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy. Results: The results showed that women were more affected (80% of patients) by the disease, age at diagnosis ranged from 24 to 33 years, the predominant ethnicity was mulatto (80%) and all cases were classified as type 1. The diagnosis of these patients was performed by measuring the levels of glucocerebrosidase and chitotriosidase enzymes and confirmed by genotyping. All patients suffering from Gaucher disease had low glucocerebrosidase levels. Before replacement therapy, hepatosplenomegaly was the most common clinical manifestation (100%) and osteopenia was seen in 80% of the cases. Regarding hematological manifestations, anemia and leukopenia were found in 40% of patients at diagnosis; however the hemoglobin and leukocyte levels were normalized after four years of therapy. Thrombocytopenia, observed in 20% of cases, was normalized after the second year of treatment. Conclusion: In these cases, despite gaps in the treatment as the family resides in the rural region of the state, the patients with Gaucher disease showed satisfactory therapeutic response over time...


Subject(s)
Humans , Enzyme Replacement Therapy , Family , Gaucher Disease
6.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(5): 443-445, Sep-Oct/2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722318

ABSTRACT

Here a young patient (< 21 years of age) with a history of infective dermatitis is described. The patient was diagnosed with myelopathy associated with HTLV-1/tropical spastic paraparesis and treated with interferon beta-1a. The disease was clinically established as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and laboratory tests confirmed the presence of antibodies to HTLV-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Mumps, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, schistosomiasis, herpes virus 1 and 2, rubella, measles, varicella-zoster toxoplasmosis, hepatitis, HIV, and syphilis were excluded by serology. The patient was diagnosed with neurogenic bladder and presented with nocturia, urinary urgency, paresthesia of the lower left limb, a marked reduction of muscle strength in the lower limbs, and a slight reduction in upper limb strength. During the fourth week of treatment with interferon beta-1a, urinary urgency and paresthesia disappeared and clinical motor skills improved.


Descreve-se caso de mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1/paraparesia espástica tropical tratada com interferon beta-1a em paciente jovem de 21 anos e com história de dermatite infecciosa na infância. Foi estabelecida clinicamente paraparesia espástica tropical (HAM/TSP), confirmada laboratorialmente pela presença de anticorpos para HTLV-1 no LCR e excluídas caxumba, citomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, esquistossomose, herpes virus 1 e 2, rubéola, sarampo, toxoplasmose varicela-zoster, hepatite, HIV e sífilis por sorologias. Foi diagnosticada bexiga neurogênica, com quadro clínico de nictúria, urgência urinária, parestesia no membro inferior esquerdo e discreta redução de força muscular nos membros superiores, mais acentuada nos membros inferiores. Na 4a semana de tratamento com interferon beta-1a houve desaparecimento da urgência urinária e da parestesia e melhora da clínica motora.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Young Adult , Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Interferon-beta/therapeutic use , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome
7.
Braz. j. allergy immunol ; 2(3): 119-124, May-June.2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-783251

ABSTRACT

Este estudo realizou-se na cidade de São Luis, Maranhão, com a finalidade de investigar possível relação entre alergia respiratória e elevação sérica de IgE total e IgE específica para fungos isolados de ambientes externos. Métodos: Fizeram parte deste estudo 98 crianças com diagnóstico clínico de asma e/ou rinite alérgica, com idades entre 4 e 12 anos, sendo 65(66,3%) do sexo masculino e 33 (33,7%) do sexo feminino. Quantificaram-se no soro dessas crianças os níveis de IgE total e IgE específica para Aspergillus spp e Penicillium spp, pelo método de ELISA. Resultados: IgE total foi detectada em 95 crianças (96,9%); 73 (74,5%) apresentaram níveis detectáveis de IgE anti-Aspergillus spp e 85 (86,7%) de IgE anti-Penicillium spp. Não houve significância estatística quando foram correlacionados níveis de IgE total, sexo e área de residência das crianças estudadas (p = 0,88). Na correlação entre IgE total e faixa etária verificou-se distribuição não normal dos dados, com destaque à faixa etária de 11 anos, onde os níveis deIgE total foram mais elevados (Teste de Shapiro p < 0,05). Não houve correlação entre IgE anti-Aspergilluse IgE anti-Penicillium com idade, sexo e área de residência. Conclusão: Anticorpos IgE contra os fungos estudados possivelmente fazem parte de uma polissensibilização, já que os fungos estão presentes em todas as áreas e durante todo o ano na cidade de São Luis, Maranhão, Brasil. Serão necessários mais estudos para o entendimento da alergia respiratória por fungos do ar em São Luis, Maranhão...


The present study was carried out in the city of São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, with the aim of investigating a possible relationship between respiratory allergies and high serum levels of total IgE and specific IgE for fungi isolated in outdoor environments. Methods: The study included 98 children with a clinical diagnosis of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, aged 4 to 12 years. Sixty-five (66.3%) were male and 33 (33.7%) female. Total IgE, Aspergillus spp-specific IgE, and Penicillium spp-specific IgE were quantified in the serum of the children using the ELISA method. Results: Total IgE was detected in 95 children (96.9%). Seventy-three (74.5%) showed detectable levels of Aspergillus spp-specific IgE, and 85 (86.7%), of Penicillium spp-specific IgE. There was no significant correlation between total IgE levels, sex, and area of residence among the children assessed (p = 0.88). When assessing the correlation between total IgE levels and age, data were found to have a non-normal distribution, especially in the 11-year old age group, where total IgE levels were higher than in the other ages (Shapiro test, p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation of Aspergillus spp- and Penicillium spp-specific IgE with age, gender, and area of residence. Conclusion: IgE antibodies against the fungi investigated are possibly a part of polysensitization, as these fungi are present in all areas and throughout the year in the city investigated. Further studies are necessary for a better understanding of the role played by fungal sensitization in respiratory allergy in São Luís, Maranhão...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Hypersensitivity, Immediate , Immunoglobulin E , Mast Cells , Mitosporic Fungi , Respiratory Hypersensitivity , Environment , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Methods , Patients
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(1): 69-73, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703163

ABSTRACT

Introduction: This study aimed to identify airborne fungi in São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil, to determine the prevalent genera and to correlate these genera with the area and season. Methods: In total, 1,510 colony-forming units (CFUs) of airborne fungi were isolated from the north, south, east and west sides and from the center of the city from January to December 2007. The samples were collected on Petri dishes that were exposed to the fungi by the gravitational method. Results: Twenty genera of fungi were isolated; the most common were Aspergillus (33.5%), Penicillium (18.8%), Cladosporium (14.2%), Curvularia (10.6%) and Fusarium (7.6%). The CFUs of the fungi were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Fungal biological diversity was present all year, without any large seasonal variations but with slight increases in May, August and September. Conclusions: The fungal genera identified in this study were correlated with natural systems and could be useful when evaluating the impact of environmental changes on the region. .


Subject(s)
Air Microbiology , Biodiversity , Mitosporic Fungi/classification , Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification , Brazil , Seasons
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(1): 74-78, Jan-Feb/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703169

ABSTRACT

Introduction: There are more than 300,000 extractors using the babaçu coconut as a source of income in the States of Maranhão, Pará, Tocantins and Piauí, and this activity is associated with fungal infections. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence of emergent fungi in the conjunctiva, nails and surface and subcutaneous injuries of female coconut breakers in Esperantinópolis, Maranhão. Additionally, soil samples and palm structures were collected. Methods: The obtained samples were cultured in Petri dishes containing potato-dextrose-agar and chloramphenicol. The etiological agent was confirmed by a direct mycological exam and growth in culture. Results: In total, 150 domiciles were visited, and samples were collected from 80 patients. From the ground, the most frequently isolated fungus was Aspergillus niger (53. 8%). the most frequently detected fungus in babaçu coconut was Aspergillus niger (66.7%). Conjunctival fungal growth occurred in 76.3% of the women. The ocular fungal microbiota consisted of filamentous fungi (80.6%), and yeasts were present in 19.4% of cases. Onychomycosis was diagnosed in 44% (11/25) of the women. Conclusions: The identification of the genera Neosartorya, Rhizopus and Curvularia in onychomycoses shows that emergent filamentous fungi can be isolated. Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Scedosporium sp. were the predominant genera found in the babaçu coconut. From ocular conjunctiva, Candida spp. were the most prevalent species isolated, and Fusarium sp. was present only in one woman. The nearly permanent exposure of coconut breakers to the external environment and to the soil is most likely the reason for the existence of a mycotic flora and fungal infections, varying according to the individual's practices and occupation. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/microbiology , Cocos/microbiology , Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology , Fungi/isolation & purification , Mycoses/microbiology , Onychomycosis/microbiology , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Eye Infections, Fungal/epidemiology , Fungi/classification , Mycoses/epidemiology , Onychomycosis/epidemiology , Risk Factors
10.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 36(1): 50-53, Jan-Feb/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703706

ABSTRACT

Background: Infection with human T-lymphotropic virus 1 or 2 (HTLV-1/2) is a major health problem. There is a public health policy defining measures for state hematology and hemotherapy centers in Brazil, in order to avoid virus transmission through blood donors. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HTLV -1/2 in blood donors in the State of Maranhão, Brazil, during routine blood unit screening. Methods: Screening tests of blood donors using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect seropositivity for HTLV-1/2 performed at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of the State of Maranhão (HEMOMAR) between July of 2003 and December of 2009 were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Of the 365,564 blood donors, 561 (0.15%) were HTLV-1/2-positive, of whom 72 (12.8%) performed the confirmatory test (Western blot). In donors who had a confirmatory test, 53 (73.6%) were positive. The ages of the infected individuals ranged from 18 to 65 years; 305 (54%) were aged over 40 years. Among the infected individuals, 309 (55%) were male, 399 (71%) were mixed-race, and 259 (46%) were single. Co-infections were frequently found, especially with hepatitis B (in 68.6% of the cases). Conclusion: The results obtained will contribute to the planning and implementation of control measures by the epidemiological surveillance agency of Maranhão, and will also contribute to reducing morbidity. The high seropositivity in a small sample in donors who had confirmatory tests indicates the need for confirmatory tests for all donors who initially test as seropositive. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Donors , HTLV-I Infections , HTLV-II Infections , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Seroepidemiologic Studies
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(5): 555-559, Sept-Oct/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691426

ABSTRACT

Introduction In this paper, we report the ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Caxias City, located in the eastern part of State of Maranhão, Brazil and highlight its seasonal and geographical distribution by environment. In addition, we discuss natural Leishmania infection and its relationship with visceral leishmaniasis. Methods Between September 2007 and August 2009, the collection of sandflies was performed using Center for Disease Control (CDC) light traps from 15 houses in 5 selected neighborhoods. Results Lutzomyia longipalpis was present in all zones of the city. We also found that Lu. longipalpis was regularly detected both inside and around the house, predominantly in outdoor areas. In urban areas, Lu. longipalpis was present in both the dry and rainy seasons, with a higher density present in the latter. One female specimen of Lu. longipalpis was observed to have natural Leishmania infection. Conclusions The presence of Lu. longipalpis was observed throughout the year during 2 seasonal periods, with a predominance in the rainy season. A low rate of natural Leishmania infection was observed in urban areas during the rainy season. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Insect Vectors/physiology , Psychodidae/physiology , Brazil , Cities , Insect Vectors/classification , Leishmaniasis/transmission , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Psychodidae/classification , Seasons , Urban Population
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(6): 722-724, Nov.-Dec. 2011. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611753

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem that requires global control strategies, especially with respect to factors that may intervene in reducing the incidence of endemicity. In this work, rainfall density and temperature were correlated with the incidence of human cases in an area endemic for leishmaniasis in São Luis do Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Notification of human cases by the National Health Foundation/Regional Coordination of Maranhão (FUNASA/COREMA) from 2002 to 2010 was used. Ecological data (mean temperature and rainfall density) were provided by the Meteorological Office of State. RESULTS: A significant association was verified between the number of VL cases and rainfall rate but not in the analysis concerning mean temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the control actions in visceral leishmaniasis should be performed during rainy season in the State of Maranhão, which is in the first half of the year.


INTRODUÇÃO: A leishmaniose visceral por ser um importante problema de saúde pública mundial requer estratégias de controle, notadamente em relação a fatores que possam intervir na redução da incidência dessa endemia. A densidade pluviométrica e a temperatura são aqui correlacionadas com a incidência de casos humanos em uma área endêmica de calazar na Ilha de São Luis do Maranhão, nordeste brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se notificações dos casos humanos pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Coordenação Regional do Maranhão (FUNASA/COREMA) durante o período de 2002 a 2010. Os dados ecológicos (temperatura e densidade pluviométrica) foram cedidos pela Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. RESULTADOS: Associação significante foi verificada entre o número de casos e a pluviometria, o que não foi verificado com a temperatura média. CONCLUSÕES: Esses dados sugerem que as ações de controle na leishmaniose visceral devem ser executadas durante o período chuvoso em nosso Estado, ou seja, no primeiro semestre do ano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endemic Diseases , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Rain , Temperature , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Notification , Risk Factors , Seasons
13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(6): 657-660, Nov.-Dec. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611777

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: One of the important current problems in HIV/AIDS infection is the establishment of epidemiological and laboratorial prognostic parameters during patient follow-up. This study aimed at analyzing the evolution of laboratory tests: CD4 lymphocyte count, viral load, hemoglobin (Hb), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the epidemiological variables sex and age as prognostic factors for survival in progression to death among AIDS patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using analysis of medical records, and prospective 24-month follow-up of patients with HIV/ AIDS attended at the President Vargas Hospital Outpatient Clinic, a reference center in HIV/ AIDS attendance in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. The study analyzed patients aged 10 to 60 years old, who manifested AIDS and who were not using antiretroviral therapy or had used it for less than 5 years. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The sample included 100 patients - 57 were current outpatients, and 43 had died. The variables viral load (p=0.726), ALT (p=0.314), sex (p=0.687), and age (p=0.742) were analyzed, and no evidence of association between them and worst prognosis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A significant relation was verified between low Hb levels (p=0.000) and CD4 (p=0.000) and shorter survival.


INTRODUÇÃO: Uma das importantes dificuldades atuais na infecção HIV/AIDS é estabelecer parâmetros epidemiológicos e laboratoriais prognósticos no seguimento dos pacientes. Esse trabalho objetivou analisar a evolução dos exames laboratoriais: contagem de linfócitos CD4, carga viral, dosagem de hemoglobina (Hb), de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), de alanino aminotransferase (ALT) e as variáveis epidemiológicas: sexo e idade, como fatores prognósticos de sobrevida na evolução para o óbito em pacientes com AIDS. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo a partir da análise de prontuários e um prospectivo por seguimento de pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS, no Serviço Ambulatorial da referência assistencial em HIV/AIDS, no Estado do Maranhão, durante 24 meses. Os pacientes analisados tinham faixa etária compreendida entre 10 e 60 anos, apresentavam quadro clínico manifesto e não faziam uso de antirretroviral ou ainda o faziam há menos de 5 anos. Para análise estatística, foi adotado o teste qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A amostra compreendeu 100 pacientes, dos quais 57 se encontravam em tratamento ambulatorial e 43 já tinham ido a óbito. Variáveis como carga viral (p= 0,726), ALT (p=0,314), sexo (p=0,687) e faixa etária (p=0,742) foram analisadas e nenhuma evidência de associação entre elas com o pior prognóstico foi verificada. CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se uma significante relação entre baixos níveis de Hb (p=0,000) e de CD4 (p=0,000) com menor sobrevida.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Disease Progression , HIV Infections/mortality , Hemoglobin A/metabolism , Viral Load , Biomarkers/blood , HIV Infections/blood , HIV Infections/immunology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
15.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 12(6): 536-537, Dec. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-507457

ABSTRACT

HTLV-I is associated with a broad spectrum of manifestations, including tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Arnold Chiari syndrome is a condition characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. This condition should be suspected in all patients with headache and impaired motor coordination. Syringomyelia is a developmental anomaly that leads to the formation of an intramedullary cavity. Its clinical presentation is classically characterized by syringomyelic dissociation of sensation, with suspended distribution in the proximal portion of the trunk and upper limbs and preservation in other regions. We report here a case of association of the three diseases, which is rare in clinical practice, illustrating the difficulty in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of these conditions.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/complications , HTLV-I Infections/complications , Syringomyelia/complications , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/diagnosis , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , Syringomyelia/diagnosis
17.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 39(1): 38-42, jan. -fev. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-422081

ABSTRACT

Estudo comparativo de anticorpos IgG e IgE antileishmania como marcadores de infeccão e doenca em área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral na ilha de São Luis, MA no período de maio de 1999 a maio de 2000. A casuística foi composta de 1.016 menores de 16 anos. Destes, foram randomizados 85 para dosagem de IgE antileishmania pelo ELISA. A prevalência de soropositividade por IgG foi de 17,1 por cento (174 menores) e 0,4 por cento da populacão evoluiu para leishmaniose visceral doenca. A positividade para IgE antileishmania, foi de 43,5 por cento dos 85 indivíduos estudados. Dos 7 casos de calazar no passado analisados, observou-se que todos apresentavam positividade para IgG e 4 (57,14 por cento) permaneciam positivos para IgE, mesmo 7 anos após a cura. Os 3 menores com leishmaniose visceral doenca, apresentaram positividade para IgG e IgE antileishmania. A deteccão de IgE antileishmania demonstrou ser marcador de infeccão para Leishmania chagasi em área endêmica, não sendo entretanto, marcador de doenca.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Animals , Humans , Male , Female , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Endemic Diseases , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Leishmania infantum/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity , Seroepidemiologic Studies
18.
Cad. saúde pública ; 21(6): 1801-1807, nov.-dez. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-419750

ABSTRACT

Realizou-se estudo prospectivo com 1.520 indivíduos menores de 15 anos no Município de São José de Ribamar, Maranhão, Brasil, de junho de 1994 a janeiro de 1995, com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência e as características (fatores sócio-econômicos, ambientais e hábitos de vida) associadas à infecção por Leishmania chagasi. Realizou-se Intradermorreação de Montenegro (IDRM) e sorologia por Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA-rK39 e CRUDE). Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste chi2 com correção de Yates, sendo considerado significante um valor de p < 0,05. A prevalência de infecção foi de 61,7 por cento pela IDRM, 19,4 por cento pelo ELISA-rK39 e 19,7 por cento pelo ELISA-CRUDE. Foi observada associação entre leishmaniose na família (p = 0,001), tipo de abastecimento de água (p = 0,000) e aplicação de inseticida (p = 0,000) com a infecção por L. chagasi pela IDRM. Nenhuma associação com infecção por L. chagasi foi observada utilizando-se a sorologia ELISA-rK39 ou CRUDE. Medidas de controle mais efetivas são necessárias para reduzir a prevalência da doença e detectar casos assintomáticos dentre o elevado porcentual de infectados nessa localidade.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Dogs , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Antigens, Protozoan , Endemic Diseases , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Leishmania infantum/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Intradermal Tests/methods , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Protozoan Proteins , Recombinant Proteins , Socioeconomic Factors
19.
Acta oncol. bras ; 23(3): 530-535, out.-dez. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-427343

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se a demanda estimulada do Programa Nacional de Prevenção do Câncer de Colo Uterino (PNCCCU) no Estado do Maranhão no período de novembro de 1999 a dezembro de 2000, por meio de um estudo transversal descritivo com o objetivo de analisar aspectos epidemiológicos e citopatológicos relacionados ao câncer de colo de útero. Na análise estatística foi calculada a freqüência das variáveis definidas, utilizando-se o teste do X2 e adotando-se como nível de significância p menor que 0,05. A casuística de 163.845 mulheres residentes no Estado do Maranhão foi submetida ao exame do Papanicolaou no período de estudo. Encontraram-se 9.991 (1,6 por cento) exames positivos para alterações celulares epiteliais escamosas e glandulares, com 2,5 por cento dos diagnósticos com atipias de significado indeterminado em células epiteliais escamosas, 2,1 por cento com neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical grau I e 1,6 por cento com alterações celulares compatíveis com Papilomavírus humano (HPV). Demonstrou-se com esta análise a importância do PNCCCU para o Maranhão, que necessita de ações em Saúde Pública para implementar o diagnóstico precoce identificando alterações citopatológicas e assim reduzir a mortalidade pelo câncer de colo uterino.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Brazil , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Health Policy , National Health Programs , Women's Health
20.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 1999. 111 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-272497

ABSTRACT

Nos dias atuais uma das grandes questões no controle do Calazar é o encontro de um método diagnóstico não invasivo, econômico, de fácil aplicabilidade no campo, com excelente sensibilidade e especificidade. Neste sentido têm-se feito diversos estudos sorológicos e proposto o antígeno rK39 como resposta. Entretanto, achados diferentes contradizem a aplicabilidade do rK39 como método sorológico de diagnóstico de doença ativa na leishmaniose visceral. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o papel do antígeno rK39. como indicador sorológico de doença ativa na leishmaniose visceral, em indivíduos de uma área endêmica. Para isto realizou-se o seguimento de 4 anos em 160 indivíduos que eram Montenegro negativos e ELISA por rK39 positivos; 6 indivíduos Montenegro negativos e rK39 positivos que tiveram Calazar e 15 que eram Montenegro e rK39 positivos. A amostra estudada foi acompanhada com avaliações através de exame clínico, Intradermoreação de Montenegro e ELISA por Crude e por rK39, realizadas no tempo inicial (To), no seguimento imediato (Ti) e no tempo final (TF), 4 meses e 4 anos após a primeira avaliação respectivamente. A vigilância epidemiológica para a detecção de casos clínicos de Calazar foi realizada pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Ao final do seguimento verificou-se que nenhum dos 160 indivíduos Montenegro negativos e rK39 positivos evoluiu para Calazar, como também permaneceram assintomáticos os 15 indivíduos Montenegro e rK39 positivos que foram controle evolutivo. A evolução temporal das sorologias por Crude e por rK39 foi similar, ocorrendo uma gradativa queda da resposta humoral ao longo do tempo, sendo que 20,4 por cento dos 166 indivíduos que eram rK39 positivos e Montenegro negativos permaneceram com sorologia positiva por rK39 e 22,2 por cento permaneceram Crude positivos. Quanto ao teste cutâneo de leishmanina, 81,3 por cento responderam positivamente ao final do tempo de seguimento. Deve-se ressaltar que dentre os indivíduos que desenvolveram Calazar não ocorreu a negativação do rK39 em 83,3 por cento deles, mesmo após 4 anos da cura clínica. Quando analisados os valores preditivo positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN) do teste para o diagnóstico de doença ativa em condições de campo, verificou-se que o VPP é de apenas 3,6 por cento, enquanto o VPN é de I OO por cento. Nesta análise verificou-se que anticorpos para o antígeno rK39 estão presentes no soro de indivíduos assintomáticos que foram infectados por Leishmania..(au)


Subject(s)
Antigens, Protozoan , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Biomarkers , Prospective Studies
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